C#中Windows窗体应用菜单设计.NET Framework 4.8 MainMenu类和MenuItem类 vs .NET 8.0 MenuStrip类和ToolStripMenuItem类_c#_wenchm-开放原子开发者工作坊 (2025)

目录

一、适用场合的不同

1.MainMenu类和MenuItem类

2.MenuStrip类和ToolStripMenuItem类

二、MainMenu类和MenuItem类用于.NET Framework 4.8 Windows窗体应用

三、MenuStrip类和ToolStripMenuItem类则用于.NET 8.0 Windows窗体应用

1.示例源码

2.生成效果

四、MenuStrip类和ToolStripMenuItem类则用于.NET 8.0 Windows窗体应用，不用设计器

1.示例源码

2.生成效果

五、MenuStrip类和ToolStripMenuItem类则用于.NET Framework4.8窗体应用，不用设计器

1.示例源码

2.生成效果

一、适用场合的不同

1.MainMenu类和MenuItem类

MainMenu类和MenuItem类用于.NET Framework 4.8框架以下的Windows窗体应用菜单设计。

MainMenu 类 (System.Windows.Forms) | Microsoft Learn https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/api/system.windows.forms.mainmenu?view=netframework-4.8.1

MenuItem 类 (System.Windows.Forms) | Microsoft Learn https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/api/system.windows.forms.menuitem?view=netframework-4.8.1

2.MenuStrip类和ToolStripMenuItem类

MenuStrip类和ToolStripMenuItem类则用于.NET 8.0框架以下含.NET Framework 的Windows窗体应用菜单设计。

MenuStrip 类 (System.Windows.Forms) | Microsoft Learn https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/api/system.windows.forms.menustrip?view=windowsdesktop-8.0

ToolStripMenuItem 类 (System.Windows.Forms) | Microsoft Learn https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/api/system.windows.forms.toolstripmenuitem?view=windowsdesktop-8.0

二、MainMenu类和MenuItem类用于.NET Framework 4.8 Windows窗体应用

示例参考作者文章：写文章-CSDN创作中心 ，例五https://mp.csdn.net/mp_blog/creation/editor/134676994

这两个类已被.NET抛弃，不建议再用。

1.示例源码

// Form1.cs// Windows窗体应用.NET 8.0 // MenuStrip和ToolStripMenuItem用法namespace WinFormsApp1{ public partial class Form1 : Form { public string? openFileName; public string? folderName; public bool fileOpened = false; public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { toolStripMenuItem1.Text = "文件"; toolStripMenuItem2.Text = "打开"; toolStripMenuItem3.Text = "关闭"; toolStripMenuItem4.Text = "默认文件路径"; ClientSize = new Size(296, 360); Controls.Add(richTextBox1); Controls.Add(menuStrip1); Text = "RTF Document Browser"; openFileDialog1 = new OpenFileDialog //默认打开文件扩展名 { DefaultExt = "rtf", Filter = "rtf files (*.rtf)|*.rtf" }; /// <summary> /// Set the help text description for the FolderBrowserDialog. /// Do not allow the user to create new files via the FolderBrowserDialog. /// Default to the My Documents folder. /// </summary> folderBrowserDialog1 = new FolderBrowserDialog { Description = "Select the directory that you want to use as the default.", ShowNewFolderButton = false, RootFolder = Environment.SpecialFolder.Personal }; } /// <summary> /// If a file is not opened, then set the initial directory to the /// FolderBrowserDialog.SelectedPath value. /// </summary> #region 打开 private void ToolStripMenuItem2_Click(object? sender, EventArgs e) { if (!fileOpened) { openFileDialog1.InitialDirectory = folderBrowserDialog1.SelectedPath; openFileDialog1.FileName = null; } DialogResult result = openFileDialog1.ShowDialog(); // Display the openFile dialog. if (result == DialogResult.OK) // OK button was pressed. { openFileName = openFileDialog1.FileName; try { Stream s = openFileDialog1.OpenFile(); // Output the requested file in richTextBox1. richTextBox1.LoadFile(s, RichTextBoxStreamType.RichText); s.Close(); fileOpened = true; } catch (Exception exp) { MessageBox.Show("An error occurred while attempting to load the file. The error is:" + Environment.NewLine + exp.ToString() + Environment.NewLine); fileOpened = false; } Invalidate(); toolStripMenuItem3.Enabled = fileOpened; } } #endregion 打开 #region 关闭 private void ToolStripMenuItem3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { richTextBox1.Text = ""; fileOpened = false; toolStripMenuItem3.Enabled = false; } #endregion 关闭 #region 选择文件 private void ToolStripMenuItem4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { DialogResult result = folderBrowserDialog1.ShowDialog(); // Show the FolderBrowserDialog. if (result == DialogResult.OK) { folderName = folderBrowserDialog1.SelectedPath; if (!fileOpened) // No file is opened, bring up openFileDialog in selected path. { openFileDialog1.InitialDirectory = folderName; openFileDialog1.FileName = null; toolStripMenuItem2.PerformClick(); } } } #endregion 选择文件 }}

//Form1.Designer.csnamespace WinFormsApp1{ partial class Form1 { /// <summary> /// Required designer variable. /// </summary> private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null; /// <summary> /// Clean up any resources being used. /// </summary> /// <param name="disposing">true if managed resources should be disposed; otherwise, false.</param> protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { if (disposing && (components != null)) { components.Dispose(); } base.Dispose(disposing); } #region Windows Form Designer generated code /// <summary> /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify /// the contents of this method with the code editor. /// </summary> private void InitializeComponent() { richTextBox1 = new RichTextBox(); menuStrip1 = new MenuStrip(); toolStripMenuItem1 = new ToolStripMenuItem(); toolStripMenuItem2 = new ToolStripMenuItem(); toolStripMenuItem3 = new ToolStripMenuItem(); toolStripMenuItem4 = new ToolStripMenuItem(); folderBrowserDialog1 = new FolderBrowserDialog(); openFileDialog1 = new OpenFileDialog(); menuStrip1.SuspendLayout(); SuspendLayout(); // // richTextBox1 // richTextBox1.Dock = DockStyle.Fill; richTextBox1.Location = new Point(0, 25); richTextBox1.Name = "richTextBox1"; richTextBox1.Size = new Size(280, 296); richTextBox1.TabIndex = 0; richTextBox1.Text = ""; // // menuStrip1 // menuStrip1.Items.AddRange(new ToolStripItem[] { toolStripMenuItem1 }); menuStrip1.Location = new Point(0, 0); menuStrip1.Name = "menuStrip1"; menuStrip1.Size = new Size(280, 25); menuStrip1.TabIndex = 1; menuStrip1.Text = "menuStrip1"; // // toolStripMenuItem1 // toolStripMenuItem1.DropDownItems.AddRange(new ToolStripItem[] { toolStripMenuItem2, toolStripMenuItem3, toolStripMenuItem4 }); toolStripMenuItem1.Name = "toolStripMenuItem1"; toolStripMenuItem1.Size = new Size(136, 21); toolStripMenuItem1.Text = "toolStripMenuItem1"; // // toolStripMenuItem2 // toolStripMenuItem2.Name = "toolStripMenuItem2"; toolStripMenuItem2.Size = new Size(192, 22); toolStripMenuItem2.Text = "toolStripMenuItem2"; toolStripMenuItem2.Click += ToolStripMenuItem2_Click; // // toolStripMenuItem3 // toolStripMenuItem3.Name = "toolStripMenuItem3"; toolStripMenuItem3.Size = new Size(192, 22); toolStripMenuItem3.Text = "toolStripMenuItem3"; toolStripMenuItem3.Click += ToolStripMenuItem3_Click; // // toolStripMenuItem4 // toolStripMenuItem4.Name = "toolStripMenuItem4"; toolStripMenuItem4.Size = new Size(192, 22); toolStripMenuItem4.Text = "toolStripMenuItem4"; toolStripMenuItem4.Click += ToolStripMenuItem4_Click; // // openFileDialog1 // openFileDialog1.FileName = "openFileDialog1"; // // Form1 // AutoScaleDimensions = new SizeF(7F, 17F); AutoScaleMode = AutoScaleMode.Font; ClientSize = new Size(280, 321); Controls.Add(richTextBox1); Controls.Add(menuStrip1); MainMenuStrip = menuStrip1; Name = "Form1"; StartPosition = FormStartPosition.CenterScreen; Text = "Form1"; Load += Form1_Load; menuStrip1.ResumeLayout(false); menuStrip1.PerformLayout(); ResumeLayout(false); PerformLayout(); } #endregion private RichTextBox richTextBox1; private MenuStrip menuStrip1; private ToolStripMenuItem toolStripMenuItem1; private ToolStripMenuItem toolStripMenuItem2; private ToolStripMenuItem toolStripMenuItem3; private ToolStripMenuItem toolStripMenuItem4; private FolderBrowserDialog folderBrowserDialog1; private OpenFileDialog openFileDialog1; }}

2.生成效果

生成→ 文件菜单，打开，浏览文件夹并找到文件所在路径，本里rtf存放在当前文件夹内。打开文件，文本框显示文件内容。→如果，再，文件→ 关闭，则清空文本框；→如果，文件，默认文件路径，找到rtf文件所在，确认，则设置好了文件默认的打开路径。下次再打开，就默认打开默认文件路径。

四、MenuStrip类和ToolStripMenuItem类则用于.NET 8.0 Windows窗体应用，不用设计器

1.示例源码

// Form1.cs不用设计器// Windows窗体应用.NET 8.0 // MenuStrip和ToolStripMenuItem用法using System.Windows.Forms;namespace WinFormsApp2{ public partial class Form1 : Form { public string? openFileName; public string? folderName; public bool fileOpened = false; private RichTextBox? richTextBox1; private MenuStrip? menuStrip1; private ToolStripMenuItem? toolStripMenuItem1; private ToolStripMenuItem? toolStripMenuItem2; private ToolStripMenuItem? toolStripMenuItem3; private ToolStripMenuItem? toolStripMenuItem4; private FolderBrowserDialog? folderBrowserDialog1; private OpenFileDialog? openFileDialog1; public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); Load += Form1_Load; } private void Form1_Load(object? sender, EventArgs e) { toolStripMenuItem1 = new ToolStripMenuItem(); toolStripMenuItem1!.Text = "文件"; toolStripMenuItem2 = new ToolStripMenuItem(); toolStripMenuItem2!.Text = "打开"; toolStripMenuItem2.Click += ToolStripMenuItem2_Click; toolStripMenuItem3 = new ToolStripMenuItem(); toolStripMenuItem3!.Text = "关闭"; toolStripMenuItem3.Click += ToolStripMenuItem3_Click; toolStripMenuItem4 = new ToolStripMenuItem(); toolStripMenuItem4!.Text = "默认文件路径"; toolStripMenuItem4.Click += ToolStripMenuItem4_Click; toolStripMenuItem1.DropDownItems.AddRange(new ToolStripItem[] { toolStripMenuItem2, toolStripMenuItem3, toolStripMenuItem4 }); menuStrip1 = new MenuStrip() { Location = new Point(0, 0), Name = "menuStrip1", Size = new Size(280, 25), Text = "menuStrip1", }; menuStrip1?.ResumeLayout(false); menuStrip1?.PerformLayout(); menuStrip1!.Items.AddRange(new ToolStripItem[] { toolStripMenuItem1 }); richTextBox1 = new RichTextBox { Dock = DockStyle.Fill, Location = new Point(0, 25), Name = "richTextBox1", Size = new Size(280, 296), Text = "" }; openFileDialog1 = new OpenFileDialog //默认打开文件扩展名 { FileName = "openFileDialog1", DefaultExt = "rtf", Filter = "rtf files (*.rtf)|*.rtf" }; /// <summary> /// Set the help text description for the FolderBrowserDialog. /// Do not allow the user to create new files via the FolderBrowserDialog. /// Default to the My Documents folder. /// </summary> folderBrowserDialog1 = new FolderBrowserDialog { Description = "Select the directory that you want to use as the default.", ShowNewFolderButton = false, RootFolder = Environment.SpecialFolder.Personal }; MainMenuStrip = menuStrip1; menuStrip1.SuspendLayout(); ClientSize = new Size(296, 360); Controls.Add(richTextBox1); Controls.Add(menuStrip1); Name = "Form1"; StartPosition = FormStartPosition.CenterScreen; Text = "RTF Document Browser"; } /// <summary> /// If a file is not opened, then set the initial directory to the /// FolderBrowserDialog.SelectedPath value. /// </summary> #region 打开 private void ToolStripMenuItem2_Click(object? sender, EventArgs e) { if (!fileOpened) { openFileDialog1!.InitialDirectory = folderBrowserDialog1!.SelectedPath; openFileDialog1!.FileName = null; } DialogResult result = openFileDialog1!.ShowDialog();// Display the openFile dialog. if (result == DialogResult.OK) // OK button was pressed. { openFileName = openFileDialog1.FileName; try { Stream s = openFileDialog1.OpenFile(); // Output the requested file in richTextBox1. richTextBox1!.LoadFile(s, RichTextBoxStreamType.RichText); s.Close(); fileOpened = true; } catch (Exception exp) { MessageBox.Show("An error occurred while attempting to load the file. The error is:" + Environment.NewLine + exp.ToString() + Environment.NewLine); fileOpened = false; } Invalidate(); toolStripMenuItem3!.Enabled = fileOpened; } } #endregion 打开 #region 关闭 private void ToolStripMenuItem3_Click(object? sender, EventArgs e) { richTextBox1!.Text = ""; fileOpened = false; toolStripMenuItem3!.Enabled = false; } #endregion 关闭 #region 选择文件 private void ToolStripMenuItem4_Click(object? sender, EventArgs e) { DialogResult result = folderBrowserDialog1!.ShowDialog(); // Show the FolderBrowserDialog. if (result == DialogResult.OK) { folderName = folderBrowserDialog1.SelectedPath; if (!fileOpened) // No file is opened, bring up openFileDialog in selected path. { openFileDialog1!.InitialDirectory = folderName; openFileDialog1.FileName = null; toolStripMenuItem2!.PerformClick(); } } } #endregion 选择文件 }}

2.生成效果

同例三。

五、MenuStrip类和ToolStripMenuItem类则用于.NET Framework4.8窗体应用，不用设计器

1.示例源码

// Form1.cs不用设计器// Windows窗体应用.NET Framework 4.8 // MenuStrip和ToolStripMenuItem用法using System;using System.Drawing;using System.IO;using System.Windows.Forms;namespace WindowsFormsApp1{ public partial class Form1 : Form { public string openFileName; public string folderName; public bool fileOpened = false; private RichTextBox richTextBox1; private MenuStrip menuStrip1; private ToolStripMenuItem toolStripMenuItem1; private ToolStripMenuItem toolStripMenuItem2; private ToolStripMenuItem toolStripMenuItem3; private ToolStripMenuItem toolStripMenuItem4; private FolderBrowserDialog folderBrowserDialog1; private OpenFileDialog openFileDialog1; public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); Load += Form1_Load; } private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { toolStripMenuItem1 = new ToolStripMenuItem { Text = "文件" }; toolStripMenuItem2 = new ToolStripMenuItem { Text = "打开" }; toolStripMenuItem2.Click += ToolStripMenuItem2_Click; toolStripMenuItem3 = new ToolStripMenuItem { Text = "关闭" }; toolStripMenuItem3.Click += ToolStripMenuItem3_Click; toolStripMenuItem4 = new ToolStripMenuItem { Text = "默认文件路径" }; toolStripMenuItem4.Click += ToolStripMenuItem4_Click; toolStripMenuItem1.DropDownItems.AddRange(new ToolStripItem[] { toolStripMenuItem2, toolStripMenuItem3, toolStripMenuItem4 }); menuStrip1 = new MenuStrip() { Location = new Point(0, 0), Name = "menuStrip1", Size = new Size(280, 25), Text = "menuStrip1", }; menuStrip1?.ResumeLayout(false); menuStrip1?.PerformLayout(); menuStrip1.Items.AddRange(new ToolStripItem[] { toolStripMenuItem1 }); richTextBox1 = new RichTextBox { Dock = DockStyle.Fill, Location = new Point(0, 25), Name = "richTextBox1", Size = new Size(280, 296), Text = "" }; openFileDialog1 = new OpenFileDialog //默认打开文件扩展名 { FileName = "openFileDialog1", DefaultExt = "rtf", Filter = "rtf files (*.rtf)|*.rtf" }; /// <summary> /// Set the help text description for the FolderBrowserDialog. /// Do not allow the user to create new files via the FolderBrowserDialog. /// Default to the My Documents folder. /// </summary> folderBrowserDialog1 = new FolderBrowserDialog { Description = "Select the directory that you want to use as the default.", ShowNewFolderButton = false, RootFolder = Environment.SpecialFolder.Personal }; MainMenuStrip = menuStrip1; menuStrip1.SuspendLayout(); ClientSize = new Size(296, 360); Controls.Add(richTextBox1); Controls.Add(menuStrip1); Name = "Form1"; StartPosition = FormStartPosition.CenterScreen; Text = "RTF Document Browser"; } /// <summary> /// If a file is not opened, then set the initial directory to the /// FolderBrowserDialog.SelectedPath value. /// </summary> #region 打开 private void ToolStripMenuItem2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (!fileOpened) { openFileDialog1.InitialDirectory = folderBrowserDialog1.SelectedPath; openFileDialog1.FileName = null; } DialogResult result = openFileDialog1.ShowDialog();// Display the openFile dialog. if (result == DialogResult.OK) // OK button was pressed. { openFileName = openFileDialog1.FileName; try { Stream s = openFileDialog1.OpenFile(); // Output the requested file in richTextBox1. richTextBox1.LoadFile(s, RichTextBoxStreamType.RichText); s.Close(); fileOpened = true; } catch (Exception exp) { MessageBox.Show("An error occurred while attempting to load the file. The error is:" + Environment.NewLine + exp.ToString() + Environment.NewLine); fileOpened = false; } Invalidate(); toolStripMenuItem3.Enabled = fileOpened; } } #endregion 打开 #region 关闭 private void ToolStripMenuItem3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { richTextBox1.Text = ""; fileOpened = false; toolStripMenuItem3.Enabled = false; } #endregion 关闭 #region 选择文件 private void ToolStripMenuItem4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { DialogResult result = folderBrowserDialog1.ShowDialog(); // Show the FolderBrowserDialog. if (result == DialogResult.OK) { folderName = folderBrowserDialog1.SelectedPath; if (!fileOpened) //No file is opened, bring up openFileDialog in selected path. { openFileDialog1.InitialDirectory = folderName; openFileDialog1.FileName = null; toolStripMenuItem2.PerformClick(); } } } #endregion 选择文件 }}

2.生成效果

同例三。